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ACCORDING TO THE SST FPSC SYLLABUS
Part 1:
Grammer Usage, Sentence Structuring
Part 2:
Perspective of Education in Pakistan
School Administration &
Supervision
Planning and Management in Education
Educational Psychology
Curriculum Development and Assessment
Teaching Methodology
Classroom Management
Educational Measurement and
Evaluation
Research Techniques in Education
Educational System in Pakistan
Educational Guidance and Counselling
PHILOSOPHY
The literal
meaning of philosophy is: Love of Wisdom.
Founder of
social reconstructionism – Aristotle
“Education
is a process for the creation of a sound mind in a sound body” is defined by –
Aristotle.
Practical
knowledge of language is learnt at – language laboratory
“Emile” was
written by – Johan Jacques Rousseau
To reflect
the real situation in an artificial manner in teaching is called –
Dramatization.
Educational
philosophy which asks for hands on learning activities, group work and
experimentation is called Progressivism.
Question
answer method was developed by Socrates.
Education,
according to John Dewey, is: Learning by doing.
“Life is
continuous changing process” beliefs of people related to: Progressivism.
The founder
of pragmatism is John Dewey.
Who thinks
education as a key for a society? Plato
Deductive
approach – Aristotle
Inductive
approach – Pestalozzi & Francis Bacon
Perennialism
is a traditional philosophy of education and it is derived from: Realism
The
laboratory school was founded by: John Dewey
Integrated
growth is the main function of education as given by: John Dewey.
Individual
aim of education aims at making a child: self realised individual.
“Philosophy
and Education are two sides of the same coin.” – who said this? James S Ross.
The
philosopher who gave the idea that education should be based on the principles
of human development was? Rousseau.
The
objective of education according to Idealism is: Self-realization only.
What is the
goal of education according to Idealism? Realization of moral values
The aim of
education according to the Existentialists is: Humanitarian and humanist
self-realization.
The
Realist’s aim of education is: Happy and moral development
According to
Pragmatists, the best method of teaching is: Experimental method.
The
pragmatist are against the supremacy of the teacher while they support the
deliberate organization of learner’s experiences, child’s creating own values
and learning them, and, Co-curricular activities.
The
pragmatists are against method: What is prescribed from above should be
accepted in a passive manner.
According to
pragmatism, true knowledge is: That knowledge which serves the needs of the
society.
According to
pragmatism, the child learns ,more from: His own activity and experience.
“Integration
of the learning process” is the key-note of the philosophy of the school:
Pragmatism.
The
pragmatists are against: the specialist teachers.
The National
Policy on education, suggests a core curriculum. This approach is: Pragmatic.
Marxist
educational philosophy is closer to: Realism.
Who believed
that “Objects have a reality independent of mental phenomena”? Realists
Which are
the characteristics of Marxism? It pre supposes a reality independent of man’s
mind. Its educational philosophy is essentially materialistic. It asserts that
physical environment can definitely change the nature of the child.
Which of the
following is correct about Marxism? It rejects a dualism between the work of
the head and the work of the hand.
Whose is the
ultimate concern, “What is existence”? Existentialists and Idealists both
Who was the
nineteenth century founder of Existentialism? Soren Kierkegaard
Who was the
twentieth century Existentialism? Jean Paul Sartre
According to
Existentialism, the aim of education is - To prepare individuals to face
peacefully and calmly the annihilation of their existence.
What is
development of human potentialities in education? Individual aim
What is
development of social sense and co-operation among the individuals through
education?
TEACHING TECHNIQUE
The purpose
of helping teachers to improve instruction is named as – appraisal.
Team teaching
is a – Teaching method.
Inductive
method helps to draw the conclusions from – Specific to General
Symposium is
the type of discussion method.
Lecture
method is one of the best for a large group instruction rather than using
demonstration method, Question and answer method or inquiry method.
Pedagogy is
concerned with – teaching methods.
Discussion
method is useful for: Higher Classes
Overall development
in students is achieved through: Discussion.
GUIDANCE AND MOTIVATION
In
motivation process, the reward those are awarded by others as consequences of
an action is – Motivation.
Guidance to
the children is primarily the chief function of – school teachers.
Counselling
is not the element of management.
The process
that energizes direct and sustains Human behaviour is: Motivation.
In
education, Guidance has major function for improving quality: Learning.
Self-
Actualization theory was developed by: Maslow.
The term
bureaucracy was introduced by: Max Weber.
Trial and
error method for learning was adopted by: Thorn dike.
The IQ of
average child is: 90 – 110.
To make the
content permanent in the mind of a student is called: retention.
In guidance,
the role of teacher is as: A helper
LEADERSHIP
Leadership
is: the activity to inspire, manage and influence in the task of goal setting.
Best
leadership ignores: Forcing collaboration.
Authoritarian
model is more suitable for: Discipline.
SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
Who is
called father of scientific management theory: Fredrick Tylor
A relatively
brief statement summarizing the purpose of the school is known as – Mission
Statement.
Immediate
outcomes of classroom instruction are called--- Objectives.
Changing
agent in our education system is – Teacher.
Discipline
is determined through proper – Management.
E and D
rules means Efficiency and Discipline rules.
Minor
penalty imposed on in-disciplined employee is – Censure.
Staff
participation in decision making means that staff should be involved in:
Implementation of policy decision.
Laboratory
attendant is considered for leave purpose as an example of: Non-vacation
department.
Teacher is
considered for leave purpose as employee of Vacation department.
Head of
Secondary schools bound to teach 6 classes in a week is written in Education
code.
The Scheme
of “Polit School” was introduced in the education policy of: 1992.
Floor area
per student at secondary level is: 1.00 sq.m
Supervision
is a contact between: Supervisor and teacher.
The process
of making judgement in class room teaching is called: Valuation.
ADMINISTRATION AND GENERAL POINTS
Henri fayol
is known as the father of administrative process.
The heart of
administration is called Decision making.
A teacher
should be – Dutiful
The
authorized person in a school for recording that staff performance is: Head
Teacher.
Elements of
administration according to Luther Gulick are famous as: - POSDCORB.
In POSDCORB,
CO stands for: Co-ordination.
Directing,
Advising and encouraging subordinates is a part of: Administration.
Usually
co-curricular activities in school are organized/ conducted under the
management of: Headmaster.
A process of
reducing the role of Central Government in planning and providing education at
local or district level referred to : Decentralization.
Recruiting
source which is not expensive in organization – Advertisement.
Leadership
deals with strict discipline represent Theory X.
Employees
dislike work – is not an assumption of theory Y.
Leaders are
born not made was theory of: Great man theory.
Intrinsic
rewards are those rewards which one gets from the – Work itself.
Environmental
education should be taught in schools because – it is important part of life
Laissez
Faire administration is based on: Non-Interference.
An element
of fear and anxiety is found in: Inspection.
It means to
assign duties and authorities to the staff for working in an organization:
Directing.
Traditionally
supervision is characterized by: Controlling.
Headmaster’s
role of academic guidance and assistance to teachers is called Supervisory
role.
Headmaster
act in a school as a manager.
When
information and ideas are shared among the staff members it is said that there
exist: Horizontal communication.
PSYCHOLOGY
Structuralism
– Wilhelm Wundt (1832 – 1920) - A
systematic study of the mind through the study of its structure
Functionalism
– William James (1842 – 1910) – Understanding functions – He claimed that
consciousness or experience can not be broken up into elements, and there is no
way to separate ideas, thoughts, sensations or perceptions.
Behaviourism
– John B. Watson (1878 – 1950) – Behaviourists focused on what was actually
being done by the people and observed by the observer.
Gestalty
Psychology – Max Wertheimer (1880 – 1943), Kurt Kofta (1886 – 1941), Wolfgang
Kohler (1887 – 1967) and Kurt Lewin (1890 – 1947) – According to it, an
individual perceives the thing as a whole and not as a mere collection of its
constituents or elements.
Factor of
personality is – Ductless glands, Family backgrounds, School.
When, what
why and how to teach is the main task of – Educational psychology.
The purpose
of psychology is the study of human – behaviour
Maslow is a
humanistic psychologist.
Test is
measuring instrument tool.
The tool of
assessment does not suit for shy and deaf student – interview.
Test that
measure learning outcome of student is: Achievement test.
Handwriting,
Ball throwing and Sketching fall in Psychomotor domain while Creating ideas
does not fall in Psychomotor domain.
Who is the
founder of cognitive theory? Jean Piaget
Pestallozzi
said, “Education is the activity of integrated and gradual development of
individual’s abilities.”
Who
developed object lesson emphasizing sensory learning: Pestalozzi.
Johann
Heinrich Pestalozzi argued, “Children should learn through activity and through
things”.
Ghazali
Said, “Education is the activity of enabling an individual to recognize God and
discriminate between good and evil.”
Thoughts and
ideas of the individual are termed as: individual differences.
Measurement, Assessment and Evaluation
A type of
test used to predict future situations of the students - Aptitude.
When every
number of the accessible population has an equal chance of being selected to
participate in a study the researcher is using: Simple random sampling.
The process
through which worth of any program is determined is called: Evaluation.
The
collection of productive students work to evaluate its performance is:
assignment.
It attempts
to determine what an individual believes, perceives or feels is called:
Attitude scale.
Measurement
is the dimension of: Educational evaluation.
Short memory
is also known as active memory.
HISTORY OF EDUCATION
Charter Act
was presented in: 1813.
When Lord
Macaulay’s report presented in subcontinent during British rule? 1835.
Charles Wood
Dispatch was declared in - 1854.
The great
contribution in promoting Urdu language is on the part of: Aligarh.
The main
purpose of educational system according to Lord Macaulay was: To serve English
Government system.
Establishing
DPI office was proposed prepartition by: Hunter.
Kindergarten
system of education was contributed by – Friedrich Frobel
“National
Council of Educational Research and Training” was established in 1963.
The aim of
National Council for teacher education is – to promote research in education.
Educational
conference 1947 was presided over by Fazal-Ur-Rehman.
Private
schools in Pakistan were nationalized through the education policy of: 1972.
Mosque
school (Masjid Maktab) scheme was introduced in – National Education policy and
implementation 1979.
Education
policy 1979 puts emphasis first time on the Special education.
National
Education Association (NEA) belongs to United States of America.
Nadva-Tul-Ulema
was established by Molana Shibli Nomani.
First
Education conference in Pakistan was held in 1947.
Writing and
publishing of textbooks is the major responsibility of Provincial Textbook
boards
The
inspection concept was started in – England.
Logical
thinking that uses induction or deduction to reach a conclusion is: Decision
making.
Applying
previous experiences and knowledge to learning or problem solving in a new
situation is: Problem solving.
A person
which enables an individual to distinguish between the true and false, the good
and the bad, the right conduct and the evil doing is educational definition of:
Ibn e Khaldoom.
Ibn-e-Khaldoom
never favoured: Lecture method.
The term
ethnocentrism was coined by sociologist: William Graham Sumner
In a sense,
xenocentrism is a reverse form of: ethnocentrism.
INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATION
Family is a
means of – informal education
Informal
Education is Lifelong.
Process of
learning through which people learn with each other at any time and anywhere is
called – In-formal Education.
In informal
education, all learning is: Natural
The
objectives of education are derived from – Society/Culture.
A continuous
process of human development which never comes to end is: Learning.
The primary responsibility
for determining the aims of education should be of: Teacher.
Epistemology
– Knowledge
Axiology –
Values
Quality of
Education mostly depends on the quality of: Physical Facilities.
The general
statements that describe national aspirations about life outcomes as a result
of education are called: Aims.
In
education, aims are: national expectations.
Broader in
meaning is: Aims.
Which of the
following is more specific? Objectives rather then aims and goals.
The
foundation of education which deals with the needs and interests of the
students is: Socio-Cultural.
School in
social institution for the preservation and transmission of: Norms.
The
authenticated source of knowledge according to Islamic philosophy is: Revealed
An authentic
knowledge is gained through: Empirical experience.
Aesthetics
is the study of values in realm of: beauty.
Heuristic
method is meant: to investigate
Arm strong
was the exponent of: Heuristic method.
Activity
involves: physical and mental action.
In British
approach of lesson planning, more emphasis is on Teacher and content
presentation.
American
approach emphasizes: Learning objectives.
Peer culture
constitutes Socialization.
CURRICULUM
The word
“Curriculum” derived from Latin Language.
The total
sum of educational experiences provided by the school to its students to bring
desired change in their knowledge, attitudes and skills to the children is
called curriculum.
Curriculum
means Child planned experiences.
All the
activities conducted either inside or outside the school, planned by the school
to achieve the goals an objectives are termed as: Curriculum.
Curriculum
means: a person run to reach a goal.
Who declared
curriculum is written plan?: Smith.
Curriculum
planning is related to: Experience of learners.
At present,
developing school curriculum is responsibility of – Curriculum wing, Ministry
of Education.
Prior
planning is not possible in: Activity centered curriculum.
Curriculum
at elementary level is – teacher centered.
Child –
centered teaching is usually related to: Activity-based curriculum.
Ideological
basis of curriculum development can be derived from: Sociological foundation.
Psychological
foundations of curriculum are related to: Learners
Quality of
education mostly depends on the quality of: Textbooks.
Text book
boards were established in the provinces of Pakistan is: 1962 under 1959
Educational Policy
The literal
meaning of course is: Path.
Tyler model
is used for: Curriculum development.
Many
teachers do not have enough time to make supplementary material, so they just
follow – text book.
Miniculture
is classroom.
The forces that effect the curriculum development are:
Curriculum foundations.
Major
guiding principle for curriculum development is: design
LR. Gay is
not the curriculum expert while Hilda Taba, S.S Shore and Murray is the
curriculum expert.
Some extra
and specific information is provided to the students through: Hidden
curriculum.
National
Curriculum is actually – intended curriculum.
Try out of
curriculum development reflects the procedure of: Experimental.
Effectiveness
of a curriculum determined by Evaluation.
The most
important factor which resist the curriculum change is: Society.
Source from
which aims of education gained is: society.
School
curriculum reflects the culture of: Society.
Design is
not the component of curriculum.
While
developing a curriculum, your first step would most likely be: Selection of
objectives.
Broad field
curriculum is the modification of Subject Centered Curriculum.
The content
to be taught by the teacher to the pupils was derived from – topics.
SCHOOL RECORDS
Salary
disbursements are recorded in – Acquaintance roll.
Budgeting
represent estimation of: income and expenditure.
If the
position of the person changes but salary, grade and other privileges remain
same the social mobility is: horizontal.
ABBREVIATION
PEC – Punjab
Examination Commission
NCHD –
National Commission for Human Development
SOLO –
Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes
BOS – Board
of schools
DDO –
Drawing and Disbursing Officer.
AQR – Annual
confidential Report
DETAILS
Meaning
of Education:
Education
is the word which is derived from four Latin words
1.
Educare: Which means to raise, to nourish or to bring up
2.
Educere: Which means to lead or to draw out
3.
Educatum: Which means to train or to teach
4.
Educo: Which means to draw out or to lead.
Conventional
Meaning of Education: Education is growth in man which enable a man to spent
their lives as a success person
Elements
of Education:
Student:
whose learn education
Teacher:
whose teach education
Learning:
which learn students
Content
or Material: Which is teaches for students.
Views
on Education:
Socrates:
(Education is the mean to find truth) Education means the bringing out of the
ideas of universal validity which are latent in the mind of every man. It is
dispelling error and discovering truth.
Plato:
(Balance growth of physical and soul development) Education is the capacity to
feel pleasure and pain at the right moment. It develops in the body and in the
soul of the pupil all the beauty and all the perfection which he is capable of.
Aristotle:
Education is the creation of sound mind in the sound body. It develops man's
faculty especially his mind so that he may be able to enjoy the contemplation
of supreme truth, goodness and beauty of which perfect happiness essentially
consists.
Definition
of Education:
Socrates:
Education refers to discover the universal of truth, beauty and goodness which
governs human conduct.
Plato:
Education is the capacity to feel pleasure and pain at the right moment. it develops
in the body and in the soul all the beauty and all the perfection which he is
capable of.
Aristotle:
Education is the creation of sound mind in the sound body. It develops man's
faculty especially his mind so that he may be able to enjoy the contemplation
of supreme truth, goodness and beauty of which perfect happiness essentially
consists
Types
of Education:
1.
Formal Education: Which is pre-plan and offered in school, colleges,
universities and institutes ..etc...
2.
Informal Education: Which is gain through society or while living in family.
e.g a son learn from his father his occupation in case of farmer with out
joining any institute.
3.
Non Formal or Semi Formal Education: Education Just like AIOU or VU in Pakistan
Educational
Policies in Pakistan:
1.
First Educational Conference 1947: Held from 27 Nov to 1st Dec, 1947 headed by
Educational Minister Fazal ur Rehman
2.
National Education Commission 1959: Held on 30 Dec 1958. and headed by S.M
Sharif in the era of Gen Ayub Khan
3.
National Education Commission 1972: Held on 15 Mar 1972, provide free education
till matric, Center of Excellence started, Peoples open University later on
name as AIOU established on 1974, University Grant Commission UGC established
on 19th July 1974, National Cadre Course NCC started to improve physical
development in youth
4.
National Education Commission 1978: in the era of Gen Zia ul Haq, by Education
Minister Muhammad Khan Hoti, Held on Oct 1977.
5.
National Education Commission 1992-2000: Era of Nawaz Sharif, held on 20 Dec
1990, Education Minister Syed Fakhar Amam. Compulsory Primary Education,
Included Computer in Education from School level.
6.
National Education Commission 1998-2010: Era of Nawaz Sharif, held on 27 Mar,
1998, Education Minister Syed Ghos Ali Shah.
Tips Points:
Most of the
letter starts from p usually drives from Greek while rest are mostly drives
from Latin.
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