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Showing posts with label Learn English Grammer. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Learn English Grammer. Show all posts
Direct / Indirect: Introduction
Direct
/ Indirect
Introduction
فقرے کے دو حصے ہیں
پہلا
حصہ: قومہComma سے پہلے والا حصہ اسے رپورٹنگ سپیچReporting Speech کہتے ہیں۔
دوسرا حصہ: قومہ کے اندر والا حصہ اسے رپورٹٹ سپیچReported Speech کہتے ہیں۔
قومہ سے پہلے والا حصہ قومہ کے
اندر والے حصے کو کنٹرول کرتا ہے۔
کسی بھی ڈائریکٹ Directفقرہ
کو انڈاریکٹIndirect کرنے کے دو اصول ہوتے ہیں ۔
1۔ پر سن کو تبدیل کرناChange of Person
2۔ زمانے کو تبدیل کرنا Change of Tense
“زمانے کو تبدیل کرنا “ کرنا کیا ہوتا ہے؟
دراصل جب بھی کومہ سے پہلے والے
حصے میں فعل ماضی ہو یعنی فقرہ شروع کرنے میں Saidیا Said toلگایا گیا ہو تو فقر
ہ Indirect ان
ڈائریکٹ کرتے وقت کومہ Commaکے اندر والے حصے کا tense تبدیل کرنا شرط ہوتا ہے۔ اسے
Change of Tenseکہتے ہیں جو کہ درج ذیل ہیں ۔مندرجہ ذیل طریقوں سےTense تبدیل
کیا جائے گا۔
Change of Tense
1. Is, Am, Are …………Change into …………………..Was, Were
2. Was, Were…………Change into……………………had been
3. Had been/ had………………………No Change
4. Do, Does………………Change into……………………..Did
5. Has, have…………….Change into……………Had
6. Can……………………………..Change into……………could
7. May…………………………….Change into……….might
8. Will, shall……………….Change into………would
9. Should, must………………..change into………..should have v3, must have v3
10.Present indefinite Tense………………….Change into………………..Past Indefinite Tense
11. Present continuous Tense………..change into………………Past Continuous Tense
12.Present Perfect Tense…………change into……………………past perfect tense
13.Present Perfect Continuous…………change into…………….past perfect continuous tense
14.Past indefinite tense………….change into…………Past Perfect tense
15.Past perfect ………..change into………….. past perfect continuous tense
16.Past perfect………………..No change
17.Past perfect continuous………………. Nochange
2. Was, Were…………Change into……………………had been
3. Had been/ had………………………No Change
4. Do, Does………………Change into……………………..Did
5. Has, have…………….Change into……………Had
6. Can……………………………..Change into……………could
7. May…………………………….Change into……….might
8. Will, shall……………….Change into………would
9. Should, must………………..change into………..should have v3, must have v3
10.Present indefinite Tense………………….Change into………………..Past Indefinite Tense
11. Present continuous Tense………..change into………………Past Continuous Tense
12.Present Perfect Tense…………change into……………………past perfect tense
13.Present Perfect Continuous…………change into…………….past perfect continuous tense
14.Past indefinite tense………….change into…………Past Perfect tense
15.Past perfect ………..change into………….. past perfect continuous tense
16.Past perfect………………..No change
17.Past perfect continuous………………. Nochange
Finite and Infinite verbs
Question: What are finite and infinite verbs?
Explain with examples.
Answer:
FINITE
VERB
|
Verbs
which have the past or the present form are called
FINITE
verbs.
|
Example: (Present Tense)
Ali plays this piano.
Example: (Past Tense)
My sister spoke French on holiday.
|
INFINITE
VERB
|
Verbs in
any other form (infinitive, -ing, or -ed) are called NONFINITE or INFINITE
verbs.
|
Example: (the verb has the infinitive form)
It took courage to continue after the
accident.
Example: (the verb has the -ing form)
Leaving home can be very traumatic.
Example: (the verb has the -ed form)
Leave immediately when you asked to do
so.
|
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